W 40X431 - Section Properties

W 40X431 has a mass of 431 lb/ft (641.4 kg/m), tabulated to AISC Shapes Database v16.0. A 12 m length therefore weighs about 7697 kg, which is the figure to use for a steel take-off or when checking a lift.

W 40X431 has a depth of 41.3 in (1049 mm), a width of 16.2 in (411.5 mm), a web thickness of 1.34 in (34 mm), a flange thickness of 2.36 in (59.9 mm), with a cross-sectional area of 127 in² (819.4 cm²). These are the nominal dimensions from AISC Shapes Database v16.0; rolling tolerances apply to the delivered section.

The plastic section modulus about the major axis, Wpl,y, is 32,118.6 cm³, and the elastic modulus Wel,y is 27,694.1 cm³. Wpl,y is what sets the moment capacity of a Class 1 or 2 section: M_pl,Rd = Wpl,y x f_y / gamma_M0, so at S355 with gamma_M0 = 1.0 this section reaches about 11402 kNm before any stability check.

The second moment of area about the major axis, Iy, is 1,448,485 cm⁴, and about the minor axis Iz is 70,343 cm⁴. Iy is the value deflection depends on - for a simply supported beam under a uniform load, the midspan deflection is 5wL⁴/384EIy - so on spans where a deflection limit governs rather than strength, this is the number that decides the section.

iy is 42.16 cm about the major axis and iz is 9.27 cm about the minor axis. Column buckling is governed by the SMALLER value: the slenderness is lambda = L_cr / i, so with iz = 9.27 cm a 0.9 m effective length already gives lambda = 100. Minor-axis buckling almost always controls unless the weak axis is restrained.

The St Venant torsion constant It is 7,367 cm⁴, and the warping constant Iw is 171.33 dm⁶. Open sections carry torsion mainly by warping rather than uniform torsion, which is why Iw appears in the lateral-torsional buckling resistance - both values feed M_b,Rd.