W 40X324 vs HE 1000 x 494
W 40X324 is an W section from the American AISC Shapes Database; HE 1000 x 494 is the closest equivalent in the European (Continental) range. W 40X324 carries more bending: 23925.1 cm³ of plastic modulus against 23400 cm³, 2.2% more. W 40X324 is the lighter of the two at 482.2 kg/m against 494 kg/m, a saving of 2.4% on steel weight. Both are about 1029 mm deep, so either fits the same construction zone.
| Property | W 40X324 W | HE 1000 x 494 HE | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mass | 482.2 kg/m | 494 kg/m | -2.4% |
| Depth | 1021.1 mm | 1036 mm | -1.4% |
| Width | 403.9 mm | 309 mm | +30.7% |
| Web thickness | 25.4 mm | 31 mm | -18.1% |
| Flange thickness | 46 mm | 54 mm | -14.8% |
| Area | 614.8 cm² | 629 cm² | -2.3% |
| Second moment, major (Iy) | 1,065,552 cm⁴ | 1,028,000 cm⁴ | +3.7% |
| Plastic modulus, major (Wpl,y) | 23,925.1 cm³ | 23,400 cm³ | +2.2% |
| Elastic modulus, major (Wel,y) | 20,975.4 cm³ | 19,800 cm³ | +5.9% |
| Second moment, minor (Iz) | 50,780 cm⁴ | 26,800 cm⁴ | +89.5% |
| Plastic modulus, minor (Wpl,z) | 3,916.5 cm³ | 2,820 cm³ | +38.9% |
| Radius of gyration, minor (iz) | 9.09 cm | 6.53 cm | +39.2% |
| Torsion constant (It) | 3,305 cm⁴ | 4,400 cm⁴ | -24.9% |
W 40X324 to AISC Shapes Database v16.0; HE 1000 x 494 to EN 10365 · Continental Steel. Difference is expressed relative to HE 1000 x 494.
How to choose between them
On stiffness, W 40X324 has the larger second moment of area: 1,065,552 cm⁴ against 1,028,000 cm⁴, a difference of 3.7%. This matters more often than the strength comparison, because on normal floor spans deflection rather than bending capacity sets the beam size - so if the two are close on modulus but apart on inertia, the stiffer one is usually the better answer even when it is not the stronger one.
Measured as bending capacity per kilogram of steel, W 40X324 is the more efficient section: 49.6 against 47.4 cm³ per kg/m, 4.7% better. Over a floor of repeated beams that difference is real tonnage, though it is often outweighed by whichever section the fabricator can actually source.
The two diverge much more about the minor axis: W 40X324 has 3916.5 cm³ of minor-axis plastic modulus against 2820 cm³, 38.9% more. If the member sees any minor-axis bending, or if it is unrestrained over a long length and lateral-torsional buckling governs, that gap decides the comparison even though the major-axis numbers looked equivalent.
These come from different catalogues, so treat the swap as a design change rather than a like-for-like substitution. W sections are specified to AISC Shapes Database v16.0 and HE to EN 10365 · Continental Steel; the steel grades, tolerances and available lengths differ, connection details and bolt gauges are set out differently, and the two are rarely both stocked in the same market. Check availability before changing a section on a drawing to save 2.4% weight.
In short, W 40X324 is the stronger section and W 40X324 is the lighter one; where those are the same section, it is the clear choice, and where they are not, decide on whether your design is governed by capacity or by tonnage.